The technology for the arrangement of any type of column foundation is approximately the same, there are some differences only in species ratios, for example, when using pipes, vibration pressing of the solution is used.
Columnous foundations are used in the construction of small wooden one -story houses, various baths and everyday life. Their basis is the pillars that are equipped in the corners, at the intersection of walls and in places of estimated the highest loads of the future structure, as well as from each other are located at a distance of not more than 3 meters. The material for them is a brick, stone, reinforced concrete products, pipes from various materials. Columnous foundations from blocks due to simple construction technology are the cheapest. The possible technology of the column foundation is as follows: ready -made concrete blocks are taken with dimensions of 200 × 200×400 mm and are folded from them the necessary height of the support. The depth of its laying is preliminarily calculated, taking into account the level of possible groundwater, the structure and depth of freezing of the soil, the weight of the house. The calculation should be entrusted to the designer, which will save building materials and financial resources without prejudice to the safety and quality of future construction.
Then preparatory work is carried out, as the technology of the columnar foundation is prescribed in stages. Its breakdown on the land is based on drawings. The level of future supports at a certain height is marked in level, the correctness of the marking of the axial lines is mainly controlled by thorough measurements of roulette. The theodolite checks the mark of the bottom of the holes, be sure, at the points of intersection of the walls and at the corners of the house. They must fully comply with the design if according to the project the device of the foundation from the blocks is buried by 1.3 meters, then the bottom of the pits should be at mark 1.3 meters below zero at home. It should be all the corners strictly as indicated on the plan of the house, that is, strictly at 90 degrees. All pits for supports should be dug up strictly along the axes. Pits are born 200-300 mm deeper than the alleged laying of the foundation and in the width of the pit should be 200-400cm wider than it in each direction. To eliminate the possible frosty heaving at the bottom of each pit, a drainage pillow of large sand or gravel is made.
After that, the foundation device is made from the blocks as follows, the first block is installed on the drainage pillow, the second one and so on until the moment the support reaches the calculated project height. Between themselves, they are fastened with a cement mortar with a high cement content with thoroughly embedding seams. After check the top of the top of the supports and align, if necessary, the same solution. After that, you can proceed to the arrangement of a prefabric-monolithic connecting belt or monolithic reinforced concrete, the so-called grillage.