Basically, stone fences are erected as a decorative element. Work on their construction is divided into several stages.
Following the foundation for the fence. Depending on the size of the gate, the width of the foundation is determined. For a medium -sized design, this is approximately 50 cm. As regards depth, it should be at the level of freezing of the soil. It should be remembered that the foundation is also needed in the gate opening, this area is poured with concrete.
After determining the location of the gate, it is necessary to lay the rods of the reinforcement. Their thickness should be about 12 cm, but if the gate is very massive, then the size can be increased. It is important to know that without strengthening concrete with reinforcement, the foundation will quickly collapse.
Next, prepare a solution for masonry. For this you need glue, cement and sand. Buy cement you need to brand at least 300.
The next stage includes stone processing, its fitting and masonry. Particular attention should be paid to the first row. When laying it, you need to use the most even and smooth stones, since further construction of the fence depends on it. In the event that the stones are very uneven and massive, you need to use a special hammer. With it, you can bring down the irregularities and fit the details. Often the front side of the fence is made smooth, so it is also necessary to carry out surface processing.
Since stone work requires large financial costs, today the masonry is simulated. This process is less laborious and does not require significant funds. In addition, both fences are no different in appearance.
Subsistent walls made of stone
Before the masonry of the retaining walls, it is necessary to make a reliable foundation of the building. It should be located at the level of freezing of the soil, otherwise at the first frosts the structure will collapse. As for the width of the foundation, it should be more than one meter. Next, the trench is covered with crushed stone and river sand.
At the next stage, drainage is performed. This will reduce the level of groundwater.
When laying masonry walls, you need to use a brand cement of at least 300. It is mixed with sand. In the total ratio, the amount of sand should be 3 times larger than cement. This composition is considered the most optimal, since it is able to give the structure a special strength.
The process of laying the first stones should occur in this way:
– A solution is poured into the base of the wall;
– the most even stones are selected;
– Suitable stones are fixed with each other.
The outer side of the retaining wall is laid out vertically, and the internal side is made a gentle.
Imiting masonry
To date, a stone imitation is performed. This process does not require large financial costs. For imitation, you will need putty or plaster. Having studied all the nuances of this process, you can even perform the walls of your house from the inside in the style of masonry.
To carry out these work, you must have:
– brushes;
– sponge;
– Maslar adhesive tape;
– spatula and kelm;
– level.
There will also be necessary materials such as putty and acrylic lasur of different shades. It is better to use enhanced cellulose putty.
The work is done in the following sequence:
We determine the place of work. It will not work to finish the entire wall at a time, so you need to apply the composition in stages. The boundaries of the place of work is better to separate with a painting tape.
Further, diluted putty using a special ironing iron should be applied evenly to the surface. The thickness of the layer should be approximately 0.5 mm.
At the next stage, a simulation of brick or stone is performed. Vertical stripes can be applied with a cell, and horizontal strips – level. Work is carried out on a raw solution so that traces of the tool are preserved.
Then the texture of the stone is created. This can be done using a simple sponge.
Often the edges of the masonry are not quite even. To create a better imitation, a brush is used. It is circled by the edges to put the desired type to putty.
Before the mixture dries, it is necessary to remove the painting tape.
Further, the dried putty is painted with acrylic-lazury. For the first layer, the color of a light oak is suitable, for the second – a white shade.
At the final stage, it is necessary to paint the joints with a light gray color acrylic-lazuri.