Cement – building material that does not belong to natural resources. For its manufacture, you need to spend considerable monetary and physical means. But all difficulties in manufacturing justify themselves, because cement is the most popular material used in construction. Most often, factories for the manufacture of cement are being built in places where raw materials are mined, which goes to the manufacture of cement.
The manufacture of cement consists of two stages. The first stage includes the manufacture of the clinker. The second stage includes the manufacture of powder clinker, to which gypsum and some additives are added. The largest cash costs are at the first stage of production. It accounts for about seventy percent of the cost of cement, because this stage includes the extraction of raw materials. In order to get limestone, it is necessary to make a small collapse of the mountain. Limestone is at a depth of ten meters, in this thickness there are four rows of limestone. Each of the layers reaches seventy centimeters. Having collected this raw materials, it is transported for grinding – it turns out pieces with a diameter of ten cm. After the raw materials, it is necessary to dry. When the limestone dries, it is again sent for grinding, while mixed with some components. The next step in production should be firing the resulting homogeneous mass. So the clinker turns out.
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The second stage consists of several steps. Initially, the clinker and gypsum must be chopped. Then you need to dry the additives. After starting the clinker and gypsum, while adding additives. Since raw materials have various characteristics, an individual method of manufacturing for each raw material is developed separately. Cement is made in three different ways.
1) Wet method. This method is used in the manufacture of cement from chalk (this is a carbonate component), iron -containing additives (pyric cores, converter slopes and the like) and clay (silicate component). With this method, chalk should be moistened by 29 percent, and clay by 20 percent. This method received this name due to the fact that the grinding of raw materials takes place in water. The result is a sludge that has humidity up to 50 percent. At the next step, the slope is sent to the furnace for firing 200 meters long, and the diameter is 7 meters. During firing from the sludge, carbon dioxide is released. After firing from the furnace, get a clinker in the form of balls. These balls are rubbed into powder. This is the cement.
2) a dry way. In this method, raw materials are initially dried, and then they are abused. The result is a shiht in the form of dry powder.
3) combined method. This method uses a combination of the two previous methods. In this method, the cement is made by two types. In the first form, raw materials are made by wet method, and then dried to a moisture content of 18 percent and placed in the furnace. In the second form, the dry method is initially used, and then water with water so that the material has 14 percent humidity. After the raw materials are burned.
Each of the methods of manufacturing cement uses its own type of equipment. It is also necessary to observe the sequence of operations in the manufacture.
After the manufacture of cement, 50 kilograms are packed into paper bags. Cement from the plant is sent by trucks, and if there are railway tracks nearby, then on trucks. No stand is complete without the use of cement. This proves that cement is a reliable raw material in the field of construction.